admin on January 19th, 2010

The ultimate space for all the How Many How Much answers. This online wiki resource is here to give you the best answer to any how many how much question. Lots of interesting and useful information in one place.

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admin on March 22nd, 2010

How much calcium do you need?

Regardless of your age, one cup (8oz) of milk a day, which provides about 300 mg of calcium, is not enough to keep your bones strong and healthy. It is recommended that people in their twenties get at least 1,000 mg of calcium each day which would be about 3-1/3 cups of milk.

Why do we need so much calcium? The short and sweet answer is: to maintain strong, healthy bones and good general nutrition, as well as to prevent osteoporosis. Calcium is an essential component in the life-long process of laying down new bone. Before you reach thirty, more bone is made than lost; after thirty, this trend reverses, and calcium can help our bodies maintain bone mass.

Women especially need to be vigilant about this important mineral. On average, women make less bone and lose it at a greater rate than men. A woman’s calcium stores are drawn on during pregnancy and lactation. Adding to this, women generally live longer than men, giving their bones more time to become brittle, less dense, and prone to fracture (i.e., to develop osteoporosis). The two best things you can do now to prevent future osteoporosis are: (1) include enough calcium in your diet; and, (2) exercise often, and include weight-bearing activities in your exercise routine.

The Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) for calcium intake is

  • 9 to 18 years old — 1,300 mg/day
  • 19 to 50 years old — 1,000 mg/day
  • Over 50 — 1,200 mg/day

If this amount of lactose seems daunting, don’t worry, there are many high calcium foods besides milk that you can consume to bulk up your calcium intake. The Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University provides the following table of common foods (some dairy, some not) and their relatively high calcium content:

Food Serving Calcium (mg) Servings needed to equal the absorbable calcium in 8 oz of milk
Milk 8 ounces 300 1.0
Yogurt 8 ounces 300 1.0
Cheddar cheese 1.5 ounces  303 1.0
Pinto beans 1/2 cup, cooked 45 8.1
Red beans 1/2 cup, cooked 41 9.7
White beans 1/2 cup, cooked 113 3.9
Tofu 1/2 cup 258 1.2
Bok choy 1/2 cup, cooked 79 2.3
Kale 1/2 cup, cooked 61 3.2
Chinese cabbage 1/2 cup, cooked 239 1.0
Broccoli 1/2 cup, cooked 35 4.5
Spinach 1/2 cup, cooked 115 16.3
Rhubarb 1/2 cup, cooked 174 9.5

 

A few other pointers on how to maximize the calcium in your diet: calcium is absorbed better in the presence of vitamins C and D and lactose (a sugar found in milk and dairy products), so squirting some lemon or orange juice on your greens, in addition to tasting great, can help make the calcium in them more bio-available. Dairy products are also an excellent choice for calcium because of the lactose they contain.

While there are many calcium supplements available to help you meet your intake goals, getting calcium through foods is preferable to supplementation because of a better absorption rate. However, if you simply cannot eat enough to get adequate calcium, which is the case for many, especially busy students in their twenties, turning to a food-based, calcium supplement could be useful to you. Calcium citrate, which is in the newer calcium supplements, tends to be more easily absorbed than calcium carbonate, which is used in the older supplements like chewable antacids.

It’s great that you’re keeping tabs on your calcium consumption as a young person. With an awareness of what you need and how you can get it, you are sure to keep your bones healthy and strong.

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admin on March 22nd, 2010

How much paint to buy?

Before you begin painting your home’s interior walls, ceiling, woodwork, doors, or windows, you need to estimate the amount of paint you’ll use. Estimates require specific calculations for each surface you want to paint.

To estimate the amount of paint you need in order to cover the walls of a room, add together the length of all the walls and then multiply the number by the height of the room, from floor to ceiling. The number you get is the room’s square footage. Is that math class coming back to you now?

Now you have to determine how much of that square footage is paintable surface area. Because you use a different paint on the doors and windows, subtract those areas from the room total. No sweat, just subtract 20 square feet for each door and 15 square feet for each average-sized window in the room. You end up with a number that is close to the actual wall area you have to cover with paint.

In general, you can expect 1 gallon of paint to cover about 350 square feet. You need slightly more than a gallon if the walls are unpainted drywall, which absorbs more of the paint. You also need to consider whether to paint more than one coat. If you’re painting walls that are unfinished, heavily patched, or dark in color, plan on applying two coats of paint.

When painting a dark color, pros often add a color tint to the white primer. Tints for both latex or alkyd paints are available at most paint stores. For best results, choose a tint shade that’s closest to the top coat color.

Now for the clincher of the math problem. Divide the paintable wall area by 350 (the square-foot coverage in each gallon can) to find the number of gallons of paint you need for the walls. You can round uneven numbers; if the remainder is less than .5, order a couple of quarts of wall paint to go with the gallons; if the remainder is more than .5, order an extra gallon. Of course, buying in bulk is usually more economical, so you may discover that 3 quarts of paint cost as much as a gallon.

Examples

The following examples walk you through the calculations for determining how much paint you need for a 14-x-20-foot room that’s 8 feet tall and has two doors and two windows.

Ceiling paint estimator

Use the following formula to estimate the amount of ceiling paint you need. Double the result if the ceiling requires two coats.

1. Multiply the length of the ceiling times its width to find its area.

14 × 20 = 280 square feet

2. Divide that number by 350 (the estimated square feet covered per gallon) to figure out how many gallons of paint you need.

280 ÷ 350 = .8

For this example, you want to buy 1 gallon of ceiling paint for a single coat.

Wall paint estimator

Use the following formula to estimate the amount of wall paint you need. Double the result if the walls require two coats.

1. Add together the length of each wall.

14 + 20 + 14 + 20 = 68 feet

2. Multiply the sum by the wall height, to find the total wall area.

68 × 8 = 544 square feet

3. Subtract 20 square feet for each door (20 × 2 = 40) and 15 square feet for each window (15 × 2 = 30) to find the actual amount of wall area you’re painting.

544 – 70 = 474 square feet

4. Divide this figure by the paint coverage (350 square feet per gallon), and the result is the number of gallons to purchase.

474 ÷ 350 = 1.4

For this example, you want to buy 1 gallon and 2 quarts of paint for a single coat.

Woodwork paint estimator

Measure the length of the trim in feet, and multiply that number by 1/2 foot (.5), as a rough size for the width of the trim. Include all the trim around doors and windows, at baseboards, along the ceiling, and for any built-in furniture.

As an example, imagine that you have ceiling molding running around a room that is 14 feet wide and 20 feet long.

1. Determine the total length of molding around the room by adding together the length of all the walls that the molding covers.

Round the numbers off to the nearest foot.

14 + 20 + 14 + 20 = 68 feet

2. Multiply the sum by .5 for an estimated width of the molding.

68 × .5 = 34 square feet

3. Divide this number by 350 to estimate the gallons of paint required to cover the molding.

34 ÷ 350 = .09

The result in this example is much less than a quart, but you may paint other woodwork in the room the same color, so buying a full quart may not be terribly wasteful.

Door and window estimator

Use the same figure for estimating door coverage as you use in your wall-area calculations — 20 square feet = one door. Multiply the number of doors by 20, doubling the answer if you plan to paint both sides. Wall paint estimates allow for 15 square feet for each window. Use about half that window area to figure trim and inside sash — the glass isn’t important to the calculation.

For the room in this example:

1. Multiply the number of doors by 20.

2 × 20 = 40 square feet

2. Multiply the number of windows by 7.5.

2 Windows × 7.5 = 15 square feet

3. Add these numbers together.

40 + 15 = 55

4. Divide the result by 350 (the estimated square feet covered per gallon).

54 ÷ 350 = .16

Often, you end up needing to buy only a quart of paint, which goes a long way on doors and window trim.

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admin on March 22nd, 2010

How much do braces cost?

If you need braces to straighten your teeth or wish to purchase them for a child, you are probably wondering: how much do braces cost? Sadly, there really is no cheap way around it. Depending on the type of braces you decide to go with, you should expect to spend at least a few thousand dollars just for the braces themselves.

An overview of the different types of braces and the average cost will follow, but it is important to note that on top of these figures you can expect to pay for doctor’s appointments, x-rays, and other procedures that go along with having braces put on and maintaining them long term.

Traditional Metal Braces: A more traditional, basic set of braces will run around $5, 000. The metal that these types of braces are made from can be quite uncomfortable and does not give a great physical look in the mouth. For an extra $500 or so you can get ceramic brackets that are colored more to the shade of the teeth. This will make them a little less obvious.

Concealed Braces: This type lingual braces runs behind the teeth on the backside so they are less obvious. While this may be preferable to many people, they are also a lot more expensive. Expect to pay around $9, 000, though they can run much higher than that even. Since the same metal construction is used and the position behind the teeth is closer to the tongue, you still have some discomfort to deal with when getting this type.

Plastic Trays: The more comfortable and easier to wear plastic trays offered from Invisalign are an affordable alternative to the traditional and concealed varieties. Running as low as $3, 500, you could get a real bargain on this type. Not only is the plastic a bit more comfortable in the mouth, but it is less obvious as the metal railroad track design as well. Invisalign cost a lot less, but they may not be appropriate for everyone, so check with your dentist to see if they’re suitable for you.

Note that invisalign does not have one set price. The average price is around $5, 000, but it could be much less or much more than that. If you are interested in these you would have to talk with an orthodontist who can look in your mouth and give a more accurate estimate.

If you are purchasing for a child’s mouth, you may be able to get some help from your insurance company. How much is covered or whether they are covered at all will depend on the terms of your policy, so either pull it out or give the company a call to ask how much do braces cost.

Unfortunately, most insurance companies will not cover this type of orthodontic work for an adult so you would have to cover the entire cost on your own. Yet, many doctors are now offering payment plans which can lighten the load considerably.

So, how much do braces cost? When you see these figures you likely feel shocked and a bit taken back. It is an expensive procedure, but unfortunately there is a real need for it that often goes beyond just vanity. Many people find that the difference in how their teeth look and feel is well worth the money, if not even more.

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How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

As much wood as a woodchuck would, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
The answer to this age old question has perplexed people for years.
Part of the reason the question is so difficult to answer is that the amount of wood that woodchucks would chuck on a given day varies greatly with the seasons and with the metabolisms of any individual woodchuck.

Woodchuck could chuck as much wood as he wanted! By the way what is a wood chuck? Is it like a gopher? This is difficult to question answer. The amount of wood that woodchucks would chuck on a given day varies greatly with the individual woodchuck. According to a Wall Street Journal article, New York State wildlife expert Richard Thomas found that a woodchuck could chuck around 35 cubic feet of dirt in the course of digging a burrow. Thomas reasoned that if a woodchuck could chuck wood, he would chuck an amount equal to 700 pounds.
Some say it depends on three factors:
The woodchuck’s desire to chuck said wood.
The woodchuck’s need to chuck the aforementioned wood.
The woodchuck’s ability to chuck the wood.

Others say:

He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
If he could chuck wood, the woodchuck would chuck as much as he could!
A woodchuck would chuck as much wood as a woodchuck could chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
A woodchuck would chuck all the wood that the woodchuck would chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
If a woodchuck could chuck wood, he would and should chuck wood. But if woodchucks can’t chuck wood, they shouldn’t and wouldn’t chuck wood. Though were I a woodchuck, and I chucked wood, I would chuck wood with the best woodchucks that chucked wood.
If a woodchuck could chuck wood, then s/he’d chuck all the wood, s/he’d chuck and chuck and chuck and chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
It would chuck the amount of wood that she sells seashells on the seashore divided by how many pickles Peter Piper picks.
One quarter of a sycamore if you give him a quarter for every quarter of the sycamore he cut.
It might depend on how many female woodchucks were present. Or, it could depend on whether the woodchuck’s mother-in-law was around or not. If she was, he’d be chucking all day. If not, he’d be watching the football game.
Some maintain that woodchucks could not and would not chuck wood at all.
It depends on how good his dentures are!
A woodchuck, would chuck, as much wood, as a woodchuck, could chuck, If a woodchuck could chuck wood. But unfortunately, woodchucks do not chuck wood.
About 5.72 fluid litres of wood
About as many boards as the Mongol hoards would hoard if the Mongol hordes did hoard boards.
Tons. More than you can count. Honestly. No one can chuck more would than a woodchuck.
Due to the average size of a wood chuck and the general density of wood (not including cork) if a wood chuck could chuck wood it would probably get through about 6.573 pounds per day, assuming the wood chuck is functioning correctly.
Using the formula: (W + I) * C where W = the constant of wood, which is well known to be 61, as agreed in many scientific circles. I = the variable in this equation, and stands for the word “if” from the original problem. As there are three circumstances, with 0 equaling the chance that the woodchuck cannot chuck wood, 1 being the theory that the woodchuck can chuck wood but chooses not to, and 2 standing for the probability that the woodchuck can and will chuck wood, we clearly must choose 2 for use in this equation. C = the constant of Chuck Norris, whose presence in any problem involving the word chuck must there, is well known to equal 1.1 of any known being, therefore the final part of this calculation is 1.1. As is clear, this appears to give the answer of (61 + 2) * 1.1 = (63) * 1.1 = 69.3. However, Chuck Norris’ awesome roundhouse kick declares that all decimal points cannot be used in formulas such as this, and so it must be rounded to the final solution of 69 units of wood.
How Chuck Norris got involve: A woodchuck would only chuck as much would as Chuck Norris would allow it to, because the woodchuck shares Chuck’s name. Therefore, Chuck must punish it and make it chuck as much wood as Chuck can. So, a woodchuck would chuck as much wood as Chuck could.
None because a wood chuck cant chuck wood! :P
Approximately 3.9675 pounds every 5.6843 seconds. So there.
2.865 lbs every 11.3686 Seconds?
About 15 pounds a minute.

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How Much Alcohol And Tobacco Can You Bring To America Duty Free?

Travelers may import previously exported tobacco products only in quantities not exceeding the amounts specified in exemptions for which the traveler qualifies. Any quantities of previously exported tobacco products not permitted by an exemption will be seized and destroyed. These items are typically purchased in duty-free stores, on carriers operating internationally, or in foreign stores. These items are usually marked “Tax Exempt. For Use Outside the United States, or U.S. Tax Exempt For Use Outside the United States.

For example, a returning resident is eligible for the $800 exemption, which includes not more than 200 cigarettes and 100 cigars:
* If the resident declares 400 previously exported cigarettes, the resident would be permitted 200 cigarettes, tax-free under the exemption and the remaining 200 previously exported cigarettes would be confiscated.
* If the resident declares 400 cigarettes, of which 200 are previously exported and 200 not previously exported, the resident would be permitted to import the 200 previously exported cigarettes tax free uunder the exemption and the resident would be charged duty and tax on the remaining 200 foreign-made cigarettes.

The tobacco exemption is available to each adult. Except for information and informational materials, no traveler (whether traveling legally under an Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) license or traveling illegally without an OFAC license) may import Cuban-made goods, including Cuban cigars, unless authorized to do so by a specific license issued by OFAC.

Alcoholic Beverages One liter (33.8 fl. oz.) of alcoholic beverages may be included in your exemption if:
1.You are 21 years old.
2.It is for your own use or as a gift.
3.It does not violate the laws of the state in which you arrive.

Federal regulations allow you to bring back more than one liter of alcoholic beverage for personal use, but, as with extra tobacco, you will have to pay duty and Internal Revenue Service tax.

While Federal regulations do not specify a limit on the amount of alcohol you may bring back for personal use, unusual quantities are liable to raise suspicions that you are importing the alcohol for other purposes, such as for resale. CBP officers are authorized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) to make on-the-spot determinations that an importation is for commercial purposes, and may require you to obtain a permit to import the alcohol before releasing it to you. If you intend to bring back a substantial quantity of alcohol for your personal use, you should contact the port through which you will be re-entering the country, and make prior arrangements for entering the alcohol into the United States.
Also, you should be aware that state laws might limit the amount of alcohol you can bring in without a license. If you arrive in a state that has limitations on the amount of alcohol you may bring in without a license, that state law will be enforced by CBP, even though it may be more restrictive than federal regulations. We recommend that you check with the state government before you go abroad about their limitations on quantities allowed for personal importation and additional state taxes that might apply.

In brief, for both alcohol and tobacco, the quantities discussed in this booklet as being eligible for duty-free treatment may be included in your $800 or $1,600 exemption, just as any other purchase would be. But unlike other kinds of merchandise, amounts beyond those discussed here as being duty-free are taxed, even if you have not exceeded, or even met, your personal exemption. For example, if your exemption is $800 and you bring back three liters of wine and nothing else, two of those liters will be dutiable. Federal law prohibits shipping alcoholic beverages by mail within the United States.

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postman1 on February 9th, 2010

How Much Tuna Can You Safely Eat?

According to the FDA, up to 12 ounces of fish (two average meal portions), per week, is safe.

More guidelines:

The FDA advises that pregnant women, nursing women and young children avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel or tile-fish, because they contain very high levels of mercury.
Fish that are low in mercury include shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock and catfish.
Albacore (white) tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna, so the FDA advises only 6 oz of albacore tuna per week and says that women of childbearing age and young children avoid albacore tuna entirely.

Depending on your weight and gender, the safe amount can end be being much less than the 12 ounces. For example, for a 130 lb woman, How Much Tuna Can You Safely Eat: 4.1 ounces of albacore tuna per week is safe. For light tuna, How Much Tuna Can You Safely Eat: 11.9 ounces of light tuna, or about two cans, is safe. Both of these calculations assume that no other seafood is eaten at all

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admin on February 8th, 2010

How much juice in a lemon?

1 medium lemon equals approximately 1 tablespoon of lemon zest and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice. You can extract more juice by briefly microwaving the lemon for 5 to 15 seconds before juicing.

One of the most common fruit trees. Both savory and sweet dishes benefit from the tangy, refreshing flavor of lemons. The zest, the juice, and the fruit (sliced or quartered) can be used. Lemon juice poured over other fruits prevents discoloration of the flesh when exposed to air. The juice can be used as a substitute for vinegar if a lighter-flavored vinaigrette is desired.

How to juice lemons
Room-temperature lemons or limes will yield more juice than those that are refrigerated. Microwaving the lemon or lime for a few seconds before squeezing will help extract more juice. Don’t overdo it. You don’t want to boil the juice. Use your palm to roll lemon or lime around on the counter top a few times before squeezing. If just a few drops of juice are needed, pierce the skin with a toothpick and squeeze out what you need. To store it, reinsert the toothpick, put the lemon or lime into a plastic bag, and refrigerate.

What is a lemon’? The cost of lemon juice? How much juice in a lemon? How much juice is in an lemon? How much lemon juice is in a lemon? How much lemon juice equals a lemon? How much lemon juice comes one lemon? What is the juice of 1 lemon equal to? How much lemon juice is there in 1 lemon? How much lemon juice is equal to one lemon? How many tablespoons lemon juice equal a lemon? How much lemon juice is needed to substitute one half lemon? How much juice is in one lemon that would equal from a bottle? Depending on the size of lemon, you could get a good 1/4 cup or so of juice from 1 lemon!

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admin on February 8th, 2010

How much did Avatar cost?

James Cameron and his crew have repeatedly said that Avatar cost was $230 million, but the NYT guesstimates that after tallying up the marketing campaign and Cameron’s own personal contributions, how much did Avatar cost: around $500 million.

Determining the final cost of this film is a trick in itself. Wildly different reports have been published, ranging from $230 million (The New Yorker – How much did Avatar cost) to nearly $500 million (The New York Times). Avatar’s official budget lies somewhere in between, probably closest to the figure the Los Angeles Times’s John Horn and Claudia Eller cited earlier this month—$280 million for the production, plus marketing costs.

Avatar is a 2009 American science fiction epic film written and directed by James Cameron and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver, Michelle Rodriguez and Stephen Lang. The film is set in the year 2154, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on the lush moon Pandora in the Alpha Centauri star system. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na’vi—a sentient humanoid species which is indigenous to Pandora. The film’s title refers to the genetically engineered Na’vi bodies used by several human characters to interact with the natives of Pandora.

Development on Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron’s 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to portray his vision of the film. Work on the language for the film’s extraterrestrial beings began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the script and fictional universe in early 2006.

How much did Avatar cost? Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million. Avatar did cost a lot. Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production, and at $150 million for promotion. The film was released for traditional two-dimensional projection, as well as in 3-D, using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D and IMAX 3D formats. The film was touted as a breakthrough in filmmaking technology, for its development of 3D viewing and stereoscopic filmmaking with cameras that were specially designed for the film’s production.

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admin on February 8th, 2010

How much is a stamp?

How Much Does a Stamp Cost? How much is a us postage stamp now? A first class postage stamp currently costs $0.44. Forever stamps are also $0.44, but never expire, and can be used no matter what the current cost of postage. With 6 postage rate hikes in the past 10 years, forever stamps are a smart strategy to save a little money in the future.

US postal rates increased its rates for first class postage and related services (like insurance) on May 11, 2009. First class rates were last increased on Feb. 11, 2008, and the cost for shipping services (like Priority and Express) went up in January 2009. The US Postal Service says its rates will now be “adjusted” each May.

Typical costs:

  • As of May 11, 2009 the cost to mail a first class letter is 44 cents for up to one ounce, and each additional ounce adds 17 cents. The price to send a typical two ounce wedding invitation is 61 cents. Large envelopes (flats) are 88 cents for up to one ounce (and 17 cents for each additional ounce). Sending a postcard costs 28 cents. The charge for Certified Mail is $2.80; a return receipt is $2.30 for a printed copy and $1.10 for an electronic version; Money Orders are $1.10 up to $500 and $1.50 for $500.01 -$1,000; retail delivery confirmation is 70 cents for Priority Mail and 80 cents for first class parcels or package services; retail signature confirmation is $2.35; and insurance starts at $1.75 for an item valued up to $50.
  • Sending a letter Express Mail starts at $13.05 and goes up depending on weight and distance mailed; a flat rate (any weight, any distance but sent in a special preprinted US Postal Service envelope) Express letter costs $17.50. Sending a letter or package Priority Mail starts at $4.95 and goes up based on weight and distance; a flat rate Priority envelope or small package costs $4.95, a regular flat rate package is $10.35 and a large flat rate Priority package costs $13.95.
  • Postcards and letters to Canada are 75 cents for the first ounce, and the price goes up based on weight and distance; for Mexico it starts at 79 cents; and for all other countries the starting price is 98 cents. Priority Mail International starts at $10.95; Express Mail International at $25.95; and Global Express at $31.95.
  • Details on the May 11, 2009 postal prices are available at the US Postal Service website.

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