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How Much Fat Is in Whole Milk

postman1 — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 12:12:44 +0000

With the number of non-fat and low fat milk and milk products available on the market, certain questions are implied. Exactly how much lower in fat are these milks than standard milk? Is 1% or 2% milk really much lower in fat or calories than whole milk, and are there any people who should drink whole milk?
An 8 fluid ounce (about 0.236 liters or 247 grams) serving of whole milk has 146 calories, and approximately 0.279 ounces (7.93 grams) of fat. In contrast, 2% milk contains 122 calories and 0.169 ounces (4.81 grams) of fat. 1% milk has 102 calories and 0.083 ounces (2.37 grams) of fat, and non-fat or skim milk has about 0.015 ounces (0.44 grams) of fat and contains 86 calories per serving.
In percentage factors, whole milk could be called 3.5% milk. It must have at least 3.5% milk fats in order to be classed as “whole.” The above figures show, however, that whole milk has almost twice the fat content as does 2% milk, and about 16 times the fat content of nonfat milk.
This doesn’t necessarily mean that regular milk is always bad. In fact, from a calorie standpoint, the difference between standard milk and 2% milk is fairly minimal. A person would be consuming about 30 more calories when drinking whole milk. Calorie differences are most significant when comparing whole milk to non-fat milk. A glass of non-fat milk saves 64 calories, which may be an asset if the drinker is trying to lower his or her calorie consumption.
There are groups of people that should not drink lower fat milk, and there is some evidence that using low fat milks can be of detriment. This is especially the case with children. For children who drink milk, more fat content is actually better, especially for kids under two. Pediatricians represent several schools of thought here. Some suggest that children under the age of five should keep drinking regular milk, while others argue that low fat milk is fine for kids over the age of two. If a child seems to be getting plenty of calories and eats a well-balanced diet, whole milk may not be necessary.
For people with conditions that cause them to be undernourished, whole fat milk may also be a better choice than low fat varieties. If a person is trying to gain weight, more calories are usually better, and humans do need a certain amount of fat in their diet. Alternately, if a person likes the creamy taste of regular milk and eats an otherwise low fat diet, a single glass of milk a day will only constitute 23% of his or her daily allowance for saturated fat. On the other hand, if someone is trying to lose weight, lower fat milk may be the better choice.

How Much Alcohol And Tobacco Can You Bring To America Duty Free

postman1 — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 22:40:27 +0000

How Much Alcohol And Tobacco Can You Bring To America Duty Free?

Travelers may import previously exported tobacco products only in quantities not exceeding the amounts specified in exemptions for which the traveler qualifies. Any quantities of previously exported tobacco products not permitted by an exemption will be seized and destroyed. These items are typically purchased in duty-free stores, on carriers operating internationally, or in foreign stores. These items are usually marked â€œTax Exempt. For Use Outside the United States, or U.S. Tax Exempt For Use Outside the United States.

For example, a returning resident is eligible for the $800 exemption, which includes not more than 200 cigarettes and 100 cigars:
* If the resident declares 400 previously exported cigarettes, the resident would be permitted 200 cigarettes, tax-free under the exemption and the remaining 200 previously exported cigarettes would be confiscated.
* If the resident declares 400 cigarettes, of which 200 are previously exported and 200 not previously exported, the resident would be permitted to import the 200 previously exported cigarettes tax free uunder the exemption and the resident would be charged duty and tax on the remaining 200 foreign-made cigarettes.

The tobacco exemption is available to each adult. Except for information and informational materials, no traveler (whether traveling legally under an Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) license or traveling illegally without an OFAC license) may import Cuban-made goods, including Cuban cigars, unless authorized to do so by a specific license issued by OFAC.

Alcoholic Beverages One liter (33.8 fl. oz.) of alcoholic beverages may be included in your exemption if:
1.You are 21 years old.
2.It is for your own use or as a gift.
3.It does not violate the laws of the state in which you arrive.

Federal regulations allow you to bring back more than one liter of alcoholic beverage for personal use, but, as with extra tobacco, you will have to pay duty and Internal Revenue Service tax.

While Federal regulations do not specify a limit on the amount of alcohol you may bring back for personal use, unusual quantities are liable to raise suspicions that you are importing the alcohol for other purposes, such as for resale. CBP officers are authorized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) to make on-the-spot determinations that an importation is for commercial purposes, and may require you to obtain a permit to import the alcohol before releasing it to you. If you intend to bring back a substantial quantity of alcohol for your personal use, you should contact the port through which you will be re-entering the country, and make prior arrangements for entering the alcohol into the United States.
Also, you should be aware that state laws might limit the amount of alcohol you can bring in without a license. If you arrive in a state that has limitations on the amount of alcohol you may bring in without a license, that state law will be enforced by CBP, even though it may be more restrictive than federal regulations. We recommend that you check with the state government before you go abroad about their limitations on quantities allowed for personal importation and additional state taxes that might apply.

In brief, for both alcohol and tobacco, the quantities discussed in this booklet as being eligible for duty-free treatment may be included in your $800 or $1,600 exemption, just as any other purchase would be. But unlike other kinds of merchandise, amounts beyond those discussed here as being duty-free are taxed, even if you have not exceeded, or even met, your personal exemption. For example, if your exemption is $800 and you bring back three liters of wine and nothing else, two of those liters will be dutiable. Federal law prohibits shipping alcoholic beverages by mail within the United States.

How Much Juice In a Lemon

admin — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 20:04:13 +0000

How much juice in a lemon?

1 medium lemon equals approximately 1 tablespoon of lemon zest and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice. You can extract more juice by briefly microwaving the lemon for 5 to 15 seconds before juicing.

One of the most common fruit trees. Both savory and sweet dishes benefit from the tangy, refreshing flavor of lemons. The zest, the juice, and the fruit (sliced or quartered) can be used. Lemon juice poured over other fruits prevents discoloration of the flesh when exposed to air. The juice can be used as a substitute for vinegar if a lighter-flavored vinaigrette is desired.

How to juice lemons
Room-temperature lemons or limes will yield more juice than those that are refrigerated. Microwaving the lemon or lime for a few seconds before squeezing will help extract more juice. Don’t overdo it. You don’t want to boil the juice. Use your palm to roll lemon or lime around on the counter top a few times before squeezing. If just a few drops of juice are needed, pierce the skin with a toothpick and squeeze out what you need. To store it, reinsert the toothpick, put the lemon or lime into a plastic bag, and refrigerate.

What is a lemon’? The cost of lemon juice? How much juice in a lemon? How much juice is in an lemon? How much lemon juice is in a lemon? How much lemon juice equals a lemon? How much lemon juice comes one lemon? What is the juice of 1 lemon equal to? How much lemon juice is there in 1 lemon? How much lemon juice is equal to one lemon? How many tablespoons lemon juice equal a lemon? How much lemon juice is needed to substitute one half lemon? How much juice is in one lemon that would equal from a bottle? Depending on the size of lemon, you could get a good 1/4 cup or so of juice from 1 lemon!

How Many Times Should You Pee a Day

admin — Sun, 07 Feb 2010 20:02:34 +0000

How many times should you pee a day?

An average person normally goes to the toilet about 5 – 7 times a day but there isn’t really a right or wrong amount, it depends on how much you drink as you commented on. If someone only drinks two cups of drink a day their going to be less likely to need the toilet, whereas some one who drinks 5 -6 glasses of drink will need to visit the loo a few more times. If you are drinking a little and peeing a lot, then its probably best to visit the doctors just to check but for a few days just monitor how much you drink to how many times you visit the restroom.

There is no real set number of times that you should be running to the loo, because it totally depends on your fluid intake. You drink water to replenish the water that gets lost through perspiration, excretion, and other bodily functions, and you don’t necessarily need to be downing eight glasses of water each day. The amount depends on your lifestyle, whether you exercise a lot, or if you live in a warm climate.

There’s another way to find out if you’re getting enough water.
You can also figure out if you’re getting enough water by checking the color of your urine. It should be clear or close to it. If it is, then you’re doing a great job of keeping yourself hydrated. If it’s closer to neon yellow, then add a glass or two of water to your diet. If your pee is clear and you’re running to the lady’s room more often than you’d like (which it sounds like you are), then cut back on your water consumption by a cup or two.

How Many Molecules of Water Are in a Single Drop

admin — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 11:06:15 +0000

How many molecules of water are in a single drop?

The simplest way is to know two things about the object:
1) Its chemical composition.
2) Its mass.
As an example, let’s say we have a very tiny drop of water, say 1 microliter, which would have a mass of 0.001 grams. The chemical formula for water is H₂O which means that every molecule of water has 2 atoms of hydrogen (H) and one atom of oxygen (O). From the Periodic Table of Elements, one sees that one mole of hydrogen atoms weighs 1 gram while one mole of oxygen atoms weighs 16 grams.

A mole is a convenient counting unit whenever one is dealing with numbers of atoms or molecules. It is equal to Avogadro’s number (NA), namely 6.022 x10²³. If we have one mole of water, then we know that it will have a mass of 2 grams (for 2 moles of H atoms) + 16 grams (for one mole O atom) = 18 grams. Since we only have 0.001 grams, that means that we have NA * (0.001/18) = 3.35*10¹⁹ molecules of water! This is a huge number, even though we only started with a tiny amount of water.

How Much Time Do Americans Spend Preparing and Eating Food

postman1 — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 22:23:39 +0000

How Much Time Do Americans Spend Preparing and Eating Food?

The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) collects information on how Americans spend a critical resource—their time. According to the 2003 data, employed men worked about an hour more than employed women on an average day, and about one-third of employed individuals worked on a given weekend day. About 20 percent of men reported doing housework at home on an average day compared with 55 percent of women. Half of all leisure time for both men and women was spent watching TV.

The Survey reports on time spent on work, household chores, child care, recreation, and numerous other activities. Estimates from the Survey show the range of detailed activities performed daily, how much time is spent in each activity, and how time is allocated by demographic group, labor force status, and weekdays versus weekends. Starting in 2005-06, the Survey will include an ERS-developed module consisting of questions designed to examine time use; purchasing, preparing, and consuming food; and obesity.

Sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, the ATUS is a continuous, monthly survey that started in January 2003. Time diaries were collected from about 21,000 individuals in 2003 and about 14,000 in 2004 (due to a sample reduction). One individual from each sampled household is interviewed about his or her time use for the 24-hour period on the day before the interview (the “diary” day). Survey respondents are asked to identify their primary activity if they were engaged in more than one activity at a time. Results from 2003 and 2004 are available.

The basic Survey also provides estimates of time spent in several food-related activities, such as grocery shopping; buying other food, such as prepared food; food preparation and cleanup; and eating and drinking as a main activity. All women—both employed and not employed—spent more time, on average, than did men on grocery shopping and meal preparation and cleanup. Women spent an average of 8 minutes a day grocery shopping, and men, 4 minutes, averaging across the entire population, including those who did not grocery shop. About 18 percent of women grocery shop on a given day for an average of 45 minutes compared with 11 percent of men who averaged 39 minutes. Employed women spent slightly less time on these activities than other women. Most of the respondents reported some eating and drinking as a main activity, with an average of 65 minutes spent in this activity. However, 9 percent reported no eating or drinking at all. Because the Survey also collects information on a respondent’s whereabouts during most activities, the 2003 data reveal that an average of 39 minutes was spent eating and drinking at home versus an average of 13 minutes in restaurants.

The ATUS Food & Eating Module contains questions on eating while engaged in other activities, such as driving or watching TV; height and weight; participation in the Food Stamp Program and school meal programs for children; grocery shopping and meal preparation; and household income. Funded by ERS and the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, the Module was added to the core ATUS in October 2005 and will continue through December 2006, with data available in 2007.

Information obtained from the Food & Eating Module will supplement time use diaries from the core ATUS interview. The information also will allow researchers to study the relationships between obesity, eating patterns, and time use; time use patterns by food stamp recipiency status; and the relationship between the time use patterns of parents and their children’s participation in school meal programs. Findings on these topics can help inform policies on and implementation of food assistance and nutrition programs.

How Much Caffeine In a Cup of Coffee

admin — Sat, 09 Jan 2010 16:55:10 +0000

How much caffeine in a cup of coffee?

Brewed: 107.5 milligrams
Decaf Brewed: 5.6 milligrams
Decaf Instant: 2.5 milligrams
Drip: 145 milligrams
Espresso: 77 milligrams
Instant: 57 milligrams

It’s usually presumed that a regular cup of coffee contains 100mg of caffeine but it may range between 40 and 176 mg and the mean is closer to 85mg. There’s probably less caffeine in a cup of tea – one study showed a median of 27mg per cup with a range of 8 to 91 mg. An ounce of sweet chocolate may contain between 75 and 150mg of combined methylxanthines and a cup of chocolate or chocolate milk may contain 150-300mg.

The principal dietary sources of caffeine are overwhelmingly coffee and tea. Coffee accounts for some 54 per cent of ingested caffeine, while tea accounts for some 43 per cent. The remaining 3% consists mostly of caffeine ingested in the form of cocoa and chocolate products, various fabricated soft drinks and mate (a tea drunk especially in South America).

In Australia a 375ml can of Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola contains about 40mg of caffeine. Regulations allow a maximum of 145mg of caffeine per kilogram of cola-type drink (54.5mg per 375ml can). “Jolt” Cola – said to have “twice the caffeine” – actually contains the permissible legal limit of around 54mg per bottle.

In the USA, the permissible limit of caffeine in cola drinks and other carbonated beverages is 200mg per litre. The US drinks also have higher levels of sugar. Caffeine’s bitter taste acts as a flavouring agent to counteract the sweetness of the sugar.

Caffeine is absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream from the gastro-intestinal tract. It reaches maximum concentration within about an one hour. The blood distributes it throughout the body. It even manages to pass through the blood-brain barrier.

The half life of caffeine in the human body varies between 3 to 7 hours. Throughout the body it increases metabolic rate by around 10%. Females metabolise caffeine 20-30% more quickly than males. However, it will take women on “the pill” twice as long to metabolise caffeine as women who are ovulating.

Early experiments showed that low concentrations of caffeine may produce small decreases in heart rate, whereas higher concentrations may make the heart beat abnormally fast.

In the brain it constricts the cerebral blood vessels. If you’re used to drinking several cups of coffee a day but then you quit, those blood vessels will dilate, maybe enough to give you a powerful headache. It’s one of the best known withdrawal symptoms.

Many people know that caffeine is a strong diuretic – it makes you urinate more than usual. Apparently this is due to increasing the blood flow through the kidneys.

It can produce insomnia – delaying the onset of sleep and reducing total sleeping time. It has a small effect on respiration by increasing blood flow through the lungs and increasing the supply of air by relaxing bronchiolar and alveolar smooth muscle. That’s why it’s proving effective in treating the breathing problems of some prematurely born infants.

Some people experience tremors after drinking coffee and tea. That’s thought to be due to over-activation of the central nervous system.

How Much Coffee Is Too Much

admin — Sat, 09 Jan 2010 16:45:44 +0000

How much coffee is too much?

It’s really nice, this coffee stuff, ain’t it? Warms you up on a cold day, keeps you going when the temperature rises, grinds away the rough edges after a hard night and makes the hours at work seem like minutes. The temptation with coffee is to just keep pounding it down but you might not want to do that.

According to the American Dietetic Association’s Complete Food and Nutrition Guide, which isn’t much of a bedtime read, “for most healthy adults, moderate amounts of caffeine 200 to 300 milligrams a day, or about two cups of coffee poses no physical problem.”

Okay, so two cups is good. But is three cups of coffee too much? In a word – yes.

According to the boffins who study this kind of thing for a living, you should not only keep it to two cups per day, but you should also actively seek to reduce your caffeine consumption in soft drinks and chocolate, and even over-the-counter and prescription medications. In fact, if there are other factors influencing your health, you might want to go even a step further and reduce the caffeine in your caffeine.

If you:

- Have been substituting coffee in place of water and juice in your diet
- Are having trouble falling asleep
- Are pregnant or nursing a child
- Have a medical condition such as high blood pressure, gastritis, or ulcers

It’s time to switch to decaf, or even give coffee a miss altogether for a while.

Look, we’re all big fans of the brewed stuff around here. We send it down like water, but we also go to the gym, eat healthily, and take a few hours each night to just sit and relax. Coffee can get you through the stressful times, but if the stresses aren’t dealt with at their root cause, then you’re only going to be stressed again tomorrow.

Make sure that for every coffee you drink, you drink two full glasses of water, to help your system replenish what the caffeine takes out. For every cup of coffee that you NEED to get through the day, sit at home on the couch for one hour every night and read. Doesn’t matter what you’re reading v magazines, books, the back of a cereal box v the point is you need to give your body a chance to slow down and relax naturally.

And, on top of that, ditch the sodas and chocolates altogether. Sure, we know you enjoy them, but you also know full well that they’re doing bad things to your insides. Ultimately, coffee has to be seen as a trade-off. If you want to enjoy a cup of Joe, look after yourself in other areas and you’ll be sucking down the espressos for decades to come.

The National Soft Drink Association resource of caffeine contents.

A 7 oz cup of coffee has the following caffeine (mg) amounts:

Drip                         115-175 mg of caffeine
Espresso                     100
Brewed                       80-135
Instant                      65-100
Decaf, brewed                3-4
Decaf, instant               2-3
Tea, iced                    70
Tea, brewed, imported        60
Tea, brewed, U.S.            40
Tea, instant                 30
Mate                         25-150

The variability in the amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee or tea is relatively large even if prepared by the same person using the same equipment and ingredients day after day.

Caffeine is present in tea leaves and in coffee to the extent of about 4%. Tea also contains two other alkaloids, theobromine and theophylline. These last two relax the smooth muscles where caffeine stimulates the heart and respiratory systems.

The effects of theobromine are, compared to caffeine and theophylline, relatively moderate. However, cocoa contains eight times more theophylline than caffeine. As well, caffeine has been shown to combine with other substances for added potency. Thus the effects of theobromine might be enhanced by the caffeine in chocolate.

Theobromine is highly toxic to dogs and kills many dogs per year via chocolate poisoning. It takes quite a dose to reach fatal levels (more than 200 mg/kg bodyweight) but some dogs have a bad habit of eating out of garbage cans and some owners have a bad habit of feeding dogs candy. A few Oreos won’t hurt a dog, but a pound of chocolate can do considerable damage.

How Much is Inside a Keg

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 13:28:33 +0000

How Much is Inside a Keg?

It is 15½ gallons, but how many servings is that, and how many gallons should you plan for each guest? Besides the “half barrel” 15½ gallon domestic, the keg family also includes a 13.2 gallon import keg (on the right), the 7.75 gallon “pony” or “quarter barrel” keg (left), and the 5-gallon “sixth barrel” keg (center). Unfortunately, they only sell kegs with beer in them, and that much beer was certain to have a deleterious effect on our study.

Buying beer in a keg is different than buying it in cans. For one thing, you have to provide your own drinking vessels. Regular folks use these red cups, sophisticated socialites use glass pint glasses, and movie stars and royalty prefer footwear.

The two keys to serving a keg of beer are: keep it cold, and don’t shake it up. These can both be tricky.

First of all, a keg won’t fit into your refrigerator. Well, it might, but you will have to tear out all the racks and the vegetable-drawers. You are much better off putting the keg into an empty garbage can and packing the surrounding space with ice. Shaking the keg creates unwanted foam. This is most likely to happen when you are wrestling the keg out of your car and dragging it into the house. One hundred and thirty-six pounds of beer can take you by surprise. Do not roll the keg into the house.

Instead the old style pull-tab, the top of every modern keg is equipped with a theft-proof pressure-activated combination lock-style valve. To circumvent this system, beer retailers will rent you a “black bag” of burglar-tools, including a tap, stethoscope and waterproof bib.

To tell how much is inside a keg, it is neede to keep track of the number of beers that the keg dispensed. Not all people enjoy the bitter taste of beer, so it is a good idea to have some delicious vodka or bourbon as a taste alternative. The maximum flow is about six cups per minute.
The beer would come out faster if we could increase the internal pressure.

The active ingredient of beer is ethyl alcohol, or C2H5OH.
Beer contains about 4.9% alcohol, so a keg contains 97 ounces of alcohol. This is enough alcohol to bring 41 men over the legal driving limit.

Only 26% of the beer is consumed by women. Some women avoid beer because of the calories, and at 25,810 calories per keg, who can blame them?

The keg had served 141 cups of beer at a cost of 62¢ each. A similar quantity of beer in cans requires 6½ cases, or 165 cans of beer. Beer sold in cans is about 50% more expensive.